Exercise and Physical Activity for Dialysis Patients

Physical activity is one of the most useful things you can do on dialysis. Regular, adapted exercise can reduce tiredness, strengthen muscles, support the heart, lift your mood and help you stay independent. Most people on dialysis can do some form of activity safely. The key is to start gently, choose suitable activities and agree a plan with your care team.

Benefits of exercise

• Better heart and lung fitness, and help with blood pressure
• Stronger muscles and less fatigue
• Better sleep
• Better mood, with less anxiety and low mood
• Support for bone health and balance, with fewer falls
• A better overall quality of life

Before you start

Always talk to your nephrologist before starting an exercise programme. You may need a heart check, especially if you have heart disease or have been inactive. A physiotherapist who knows dialysis can design a safe plan. Start slowly: any activity is better than none.

Types of exercise

• Aerobic activity: walking, cycling, swimming (not with a catheter) or dancing. Start with 10–15 minutes and build up gradually.
• Strength training: resistance bands, light weights or body-weight exercises, two or three times a week.
• Flexibility: gentle stretching, yoga or tai chi.
• Balance: simple exercises such as standing on one foot near a support.

Exercise on dialysis days

Light activity before dialysis can help you feel more alert. Some centres offer exercise during treatment, such as a bed bike. Many patients are tired after a session; if you exercise afterwards, wait and choose something gentle.

Safety rules

• Warm up and cool down for 5–10 minutes.
• Protect your access: avoid pressure or strain on the access arm.
• Respect your fluid allowance, especially in hot weather.
• Wear good shoes and comfortable clothes.
• Stop at once if you have chest pain, severe breathlessness, dizziness or nausea, and seek help.
• If you have diabetes, check your blood sugar, as exercise affects it.

Overcoming barriers

Exercise when your energy is highest, often on non-dialysis days. Split activity into short sessions. A walking partner or a group can help motivation. Everyday activities such as gardening or taking the stairs count too.

Building a habit

Consistency matters more than intensity. Plan your activity like an appointment, choose something you enjoy, track your progress and be patient with yourself. Every movement counts.

On holiday, a walk along the seafront between sessions is a good way to stay active.

Sources

• National Kidney Foundation – Hemodialysis

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